When a stud dog needs an AKC DNA profile
A cheek swab takes two minutes, yet a missing one can hold up a whole litter's papers. The rules are simple once you know them. This VerifiedStuds guide explains when a sire needs a profile, what it costs and what the test does and does not tell you.
An AKC DNA profile is a genetic fingerprint of one dog. The AKC uses it to confirm identity and parentage. In other words, it proves that a puppy really comes from the sire and dam named on its papers.
It is not a health test, and it does not identify breed. It looks only at markers used for matching dogs to their parents. Therefore, a stud with a profile on file still needs his health clearances and any disease DNA tests for his breed.
Situation
Profile required?
Seven or more litters in his lifetime
Yes
More than three litters in one calendar year
Yes
Semen collected for fresh-extended (chilled) use
Yes
Semen collected for frozen use
Yes
Imported dog used for breeding
Yes
Litter with more than one sire
Yes, plus the dam and every puppy
Occasional natural matings, under the limits above
No
The first two rows are the Frequently Used Sires requirement. Litters from frozen semen count toward the totals as well. The semen rule applies to collections made after October 1, 1998.
The AKC will not register a litter that needs a sire profile until the profile is on file. So the puppies' papers wait, and buyers start asking questions. Since the result takes a few weeks to come back, a last-minute swab does not help much.
For that reason, most serious stud owners order the kit before the dog's first shipped breeding. It is a one-time test, and the profile then stays on his record for life.
Order a kit from the AKC. The kit costs $55 at the time of writing.
Swab the inside of his cheek with the brushes provided, following the instructions.
Mail the sample back in the envelope supplied.
Wait for the result. The AKC adds a DNA number to his record and sends a certificate.
Your vet can take the swab if you prefer, although owners are allowed to do it themselves.
Breeders often confuse the two. The AKC profile answers one question: who are this dog's parents? A health panel from a lab such as Embark, Paw Print Genetics or UC Davis answers a different one: which disease genes does he carry?
AKC DNA profile
Health DNA panel
Purpose
Identity and parentage
Disease, coat and color genes
Required by the AKC
In the cases listed above
No
Useful to breeders choosing a sire
For registration
For matching carriers and clears
A good stud has both where they apply. See best DNA tests for dog breeders.
Before you book a stud, ask one direct question: does he have an AKC DNA number? It matters most when semen is being shipped, or when he is a busy sire. In addition, ask the owner to promise in the contract that he will approve the litter registration. Read how to register a litter with AKC and our stud dog contract guide.
Put the DNA number on his listing, next to his health results. It shows breeders that his litters will register without delay. Also keep count of his litters each year, so the Frequently Used Sires rule never surprises you. Our guide to how often a stud dog can breed helps with planning.
Ready to offer him? Then read how to stud your dog and list your stud free. Breeders can find a health-tested stud and compare prices in the stud fee guide.
When does a stud dog need an AKC DNA profile?
When he has sired seven or more litters in his lifetime or more than three in a calendar year, when his semen is shipped chilled or frozen, or when he is imported.
How much does an AKC DNA profile cost?
The AKC lists its DNA test kit at $55. Check the AKC site for the current price.
Is the AKC DNA profile a health test?
No. It confirms identity and parentage only. Health and color genes need a separate lab panel.
How long does an AKC DNA profile take?
Usually a few weeks from the day the AKC receives the sample. So order it well before a planned breeding.
Does the dam need an AKC DNA profile?
Not usually. She needs one only in special cases, such as a litter with more than one sire.
Sources: American Kennel Club, Frequently Used Sires requirement, American Kennel Club, Frequently Used Sires FAQs, American Kennel Club, DNA program. Rules and prices can change, so confirm them with the AKC.
List him free while the 100 Founding Stud spots are open.